Historyhound 2 1 18

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Deutsche Version

Conversion and calculation − cross section < > diameter

● Cable diameter to circle cross-sectional areaand vice versa ●

Round electric cable, conductor, wire, cord, string,wiring Historyhound 2 1 18 esv

, and rope

Cross section is just a two-dimensional view of a slice through an object.
An often asked question: How can you convert the diameter of a round wire d = 2 × r to the
circle cross section surface or the cross-section area A (slice plane) to the cable diameter d?
Why is the diameter value greater than the area value? Because that's not the same.
Resistance varies inversely with the cross-sectional area of a wire.

The required cross-section of an electrical line depends on the following factors:
1) Rated voltage. Net form. (Three-phase (DS) / AC (WS))
2) Fuse - Upstream backup = Maximum permissible current (Amp)
3) On schedule to be transmittedpower (kVA)
4) Cable length in meters (m)
5) Permissible voltage drop (% of the rated voltage)
6) Line material. Copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al)

The used browser does not support JavaScript.
You will see the program but the function will not work.

The 'unit' is usually millimeters but it can also be inches, feet, yards, meters (metres),
or centimeters, when you take for the area the square of that measure.

Litz wire (stranded wire) consisting of many thin wires need a 14 % larger diameter compared to a solid wire.

Cross sectional area is not diameter.

Historyhound 2 1 18 Equals

Cross section is an area.
Diameter is a linear measure.
That cannot be the same.

The cable diameter in millimeters
is not the cable cross-section in
square millimeters.

The cross section or the cross sectional area is the area of such a cut.
It need not necessarily have to be a circle.

Commercially available wire (cable) size as cross sectional area:
0.75 mm², 1.5 mm², 2.5 mm², 4 mm², 6 mm², 10 mm², 16 mm².

Calculation of the cross section A, entering the diameter d = 2 r:
r = radius of the wire or cable
d = 2 r = diameter of the wire or cable
Calculation of the diameter d = 2 r, entering the cross section A:

2-1 Windows

The conductor (electric cable)

There are four factors that affect the resistance of a conductor:
1) the cross sectional area of a conductor A, calculated from the diameter d
2) the length of the conductor
3) the temperature in the conductor
4) the material constituting the conductor

There is no exact formula for the minimum wire size from the maximum amperage.
It depends on many circumstances, such as for example, if the calculation is for DC, AC or
even for three-phase current, whether the cable is released freely, or is placed under the
ground. Also, it depends on the ambient temperature, the allowable current density, and the
allowable voltage drop, and whether solid or litz wire is present. And there is always the
nice but unsatisfactory advice to use for security reasons a thicker and hence more
expensive cable. Common questions are about the voltage drop on wires.

Voltage drop Δ V

The voltage drop formula with the specific resistance (resistivity) ρ (rho) is:

Δ V = I × R = I × (2 × l × ρ/ A)

I = Current in ampere
l = Wire (cable) length in meters (times 2, because there is always a return wire)
ρ = rho, electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical resistance or volume
resistivity) of copper = 0.01724 ohm×mm²/m (also Ω×m)
(Ohms for l = 1 m length and A = 1 mm² cross section area of the wire)ρ = 1 / σ
A = Cross section area in mm²
σ = sigma, electrical conductivity (electrical conductance) of copper = 58 S·m/mm²

Quantity of resistance
R = resistance	Ω
ρ = specific resistance	Ω×m
l = double length of the cable	m
A = cross section	mm²

The derived SI unit of electrical resistivity ρ is Ω ×m, shortened from the clear Ω ×mm² / m.
The reciprocal of electrical resistivity is electrical conductivity.

Electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity κ or σ = 1/ρ
Electrical conductance and electrical resistance ρ = 1/κ = 1/σ

Electrical conductor	Electrical conductivity Electrical conductance	Electrical resistivity Specific resistance
silver	σ = 62 S·m/mm²	ρ = 0.0161 Ohm∙mm²/m
copper	σ = 58 S·m/mm²	ρ = 0.0172 Ohm∙mm²/m
gold	σ= 41 S·m/mm²	ρ = 0.0244 Ohm∙mm²/m
aluminium	σ = 36 S·m/mm²	ρ = 0.0277 Ohm∙mm²/m
constantan	σ= 2.0 S·m/mm²	ρ = 0.5000 Ohm∙mm²/m

Difference between electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity

The conductance in siemens is the reciprocal of the resistance in ohms.

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

The value of the electrical conductivity (conductance) and the specific electrical resistance
(resistivity) is a temperature dependent material constant. Mostly it is given at 20 or 25°C.

Resistance = resistivity x length / area

The specific resistivity of conductors changes with temperature.
In a limited temperature range it is approximately linear:
where α is the temperature coefficient, T is the temperature and T₀ is any temperature,
such as T₀ = 293.15 K = 20°C at which the electrical resistivity ρ (T₀) is known.

Convert resistance to electrical conductance
Conversion of reciprocal siemens to ohms
1 ohm [Ω] = 1 / siemens [1/S]
1 siemens [S] = 1 / ohm [1/Ω]

To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the ↔ sign.

1 millisiemens = 0.001 mho = 1000 ohms

Mathematically, conductance is the reciprocal, or inverse, of resistance:
The symbol for conductance is the capital letter 'G' and the unit is the
mho, which is 'ohm' spelled backwards. Later, the unit mho was
replaced by the unit Siemens − abbreviated with the letter 'S'.

Table of typical loudspeaker cables

Cable diameter d	0.798 mm	0.977 mm	1.128 mm	1.382 mm	1.784 mm	2.257 mm	2.764 mm	3.568 mm
Cable nominal cross section A	0.5 mm²	0.75 mm²	1.0 mm²	1.5 mm²	2.5 mm²	4.0 mm²	6.0 mm²	10.0 mm²
Maximum electrical current	3 A	7.6 A	10.4 A	13.5 A	18.3 A	25 A	32 A	-

Always consider, the cross section must be made larger with higher power and higher length of
the cable, but also with lesser impedance. Here is a table to tell the possible power loss.

Cable length in m	Section in mm²	Resistance in ohm	Power loss at		Damping factor at
Cable length in m	Section in mm²	Resistance in ohm	Impedance 8 ohm	Impedance 4 ohm	Impedance 8 ohm	Impedance 4 ohm
1	0.75	0.042	0.53%	1.05%	98	49
	1.50	0.021	0.31%	0.63%	123	62
	2.50	0.013	0.16%	0.33%	151	75
	4.00	0.008	0.10%	0.20%	167	83
2	0.75	0.084	1.06%	2.10%	65	33
	1.50	0.042	0.62%	1.26%	85	43
	2.50	0.026	0.32%	0.66%	113	56
	4.00	0.016	0.20%	0.40%	133	66
5	0.75	0.210	2.63%	5.25%	32	16
	1.50	0.125	1.56%	3.13%	48	24
	2.50	0.065	0.81%	1.63%	76	38
	4.00	0.040	0.50%	1.00%	100	50
10	0.75	0.420	5.25%	10.50%	17	9
	1.50	0.250	3.13%	6.25%	28	14
	2.50	0.130	1.63%	3.25%	47	24
	4.00	0.080	1.00%	2.00%	67	33
20	0.75	0.840	10.50%	21.00%	9	5
	1.50	0.500	6.25%	12.50%	15	7
	2.50	0.260	3.25%	6.50%	27	13
	4.00	0.160	2.00%	4.00%	40	20

The damping factor values show, what remains of an accepted damping factor of 200
depending on the cable length, the cross section, and the impedance of the loudspeaker.
Conversion and calculation of cable diameter to AWG
and AWG to cable diameter in mm - American Wire Gauge

The gauges we most commonly use are even numbers, such as 18, 16, 14, etc.
If you get an answer that is odd, such as 17, 19, etc., use the next lower even number.

AWG stands for American Wire Gauge and refers to the strength of wires.
These AWG numbers show the diameter and accordingly the cross section as a code.
They are only used in the USA. Sometimes you find AWG numbers also in catalogues
and technical data in Europe.

American Wire Gauge - AWG Chart

AWG number	46	45	44	43	42	41	40	39	38	37	36	35	34
Diameter in inch	0.0016	0.0018	0.0020	0.0022	0.0024	0.0027	0.0031	0.0035	0.0040	0.0045	0.0050	0.0056	0.0063
Diameter (Ø) in mm	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.13	0.14	0.16
Cross section in mm²	0.0013	0.0016	0.0020	0.0025	0.0029	0.0037	0.0049	0.0062	0.0081	0.010	0.013	0.016	0.020

AWG number	33	32	31	30	29	28	27	26	25	24	23	22	21
Diameter in inch	0.0071	0.0079	0.0089	0.0100	0.0113	0.0126	0.0142	0.0159	0.0179	0.0201	0.0226	0.0253	0.0285
Diameter (Ø) in mm	0.18	0.20	0.23	0.25	0.29	0.32	0.36	0.40	0.45	0.51	0.57	0.64	0.72
Cross section in mm²	0.026	0.032	0.040	0.051	0.065	0.080	0.10	0.13	0.16	0.20	0.26	0.32	0.41

AWG number	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8
Diameter in inch	0.0319	0.0359	0.0403	0.0453	0.0508	0.0571	0.0641	0.0719	0.0808	0.0907	0.1019	0.1144	0.1285
Diameter (Ø) in mm	0.81	0.91	1.02	1.15	1.29	1.45	1.63	1.83	2.05	2.30	2.59	2.91	3.26
Cross section in mm²	0.52	0.65	0.82	1.0	1.3	1.7	2.1	2.6	3.3	4.2	5.3	6.6	8.4

AWG number	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0 (1/0) (0)	00 (2/0) (-1)	000 (3/0) (-2)	0000 (4/0) (-3)	00000 (5/0) (-4)	000000 (6/0) (-5)
Diameter in inch	0.1443	0.1620	0.1819	0.2043	0.2294	0.2576	0.2893	0.3249	0.3648	0.4096	0.4600	0.5165	0.5800
Diameter (Ø) in mm	3.67	4.11	4.62	5.19	5.83	6.54	7.35	8.25	9.27	10.40	11.68	13.13	14.73
Cross section in mm²	10.6	13.3	16.8	21.1	26.7	33.6	42.4	53.5	67.4	85.0	107.2	135.2	170.5

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